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1.
Climacteric ; 27(3): 314-320, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38318796

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of frailty has been related to menopause. Our main objective was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the estrogen receptor (ER) ERα and ERß genes were related to the frailty phenotype in a population of community-dwelling postmenopausal women. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in which we selected five SNPs, three in the ERα gene and two in the ERß. Linear regression was used to estimate the percentage of phenotypic variance after adjusting for confounding variables. RESULTS: A total of 470 women (mean ± standard deviation age 63.83 ± 8.16 years) were included, of whom 137 women were frail. The SNP rs3798577 of the ERα gene was the only variant associated with frailty, but this significance faded in the multivariant analysis. Body mass index (p = 0.012), number of comorbidities (0 vs. ≥2, p = 0.002) and two reproductive variables, number of miscarriages (none vs. ≥2, p = 0.036) and of childbirths (one vs. ≥3, p = 0.008), were independently related to frailty. CONCLUSION: The five SNPs of the ERα and ERß genes tested were not correlated with frailty. Other SNPs of the ER warrant analysis to clarify whether variance in the gene response affects frailty status.


Subject(s)
Estrogen Receptor alpha , Estrogen Receptor beta , Frailty , Phenotype , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Postmenopause , Humans , Female , Postmenopause/genetics , Middle Aged , Frailty/genetics , Cross-Sectional Studies , Aged , Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics , Estrogen Receptor beta/genetics , Alleles , Linear Models
2.
Climacteric ; 15(5): 455-9, 2012 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22321028

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the effect of the intermittent administration of vaginal progesterone and a low-dose estradiol patch on endometrial stability, as assessed by the rate of amenorrhea and endometrial stimulation. Methods This was an open study in which 64 moderately symptomatic, postmenopausal women were treated in the outpatient clinic of our University Hospital for different intervals up to 1 year. The treatment consisted of a combination of patches delivering 25 µg/day estradiol and intravaginal pills containing 100 mg of micronized progesterone. Patches and pills were administered concomitantly in a twice-a-week protocol. The endometrial response was assessed by endovaginal ultrasound completed with suction biopsy when required. Results Both cumulative amenorrhea and no-bleeding rates increased progressively and reached 88.9% and 100.0%, respectively, by the 12th month. Isolated or repetitive episodes of bleeding, bleeding and spotting, or only spotting were reported by three, four, and 12 women, respectively. Endometrial thickness remained unaltered. Endometrium was atrophic in the seven women in whom a biopsy was performed. Conclusion The substantially reduced progestogen load determined by this combination achieved an acceptable incidence of spotting or bleeding when associated with a low estrogenic dose. There was no apparent endometrial stimulation. Additional studies are required to confirm this observation.


Subject(s)
Endometrium/drug effects , Estradiol/administration & dosage , Postmenopause , Progesterone/administration & dosage , Administration, Cutaneous , Administration, Intravaginal , Atrophy , Biopsy , Endometrium/diagnostic imaging , Endometrium/pathology , Estrogen Replacement Therapy/methods , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Ultrasonography , Uterine Hemorrhage/epidemiology
3.
Actas dermo-sifiliogr. (Ed. impr.) ; 101(7): 614-621, sept. 2010. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-83099

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivos: La hiperhidrosis primaria (HP) consiste en un exceso de sudación de una zona concreta del cuerpo que es clínicamente perceptible. La HP no debe considerarse un simple problema cosmético, pues supone una dificultad muy importante de relación social y laboral para las personas que lo experimentan. Los objetivos de este estudio han sido definir el perfil clínico de los pacientes con HP y evaluar en la práctica clínica los resultados que consigue el tratamiento con Toxina Botulínica A (TB-A). Material y métodos: La muestra acota un total de 52 pacientes, 39 mujeres y 13 hombres, con diagnóstico de HP tratada por primera vez con TB-A. Todos cumplimentaron una encuesta donde se registraron: edad, sexo, profesión, inicio, antecedentes familiares, localización, signos/síntomas acompañantes y tratamientos previos; inicio del efecto de la TB-A; efectos secundarios locales y/o sistémicos y el grado de severidad de su hiperhidrosis antes del tratamiento y después del mismo. Resultados y conclusiones: La HP se inicia en la pubertad en el 61,5% de los casos; el 75% son mujeres con una edad media de 29,9 años. El 36,5% de los pacientes tienen familiares de primer grado con HP. La localización de la hipersudación es palmar en el 61,5% casos, plantar en el 53,8% y axilar en el 59,6 %, siendo menor en otras localizaciones. La clínica acompañante más frecuente es: eritema facial (32,7%), palpitaciones (30,7%), tensión muscular (28,8%), temblor (23%) y cefalea (17,3%). El tratamiento con TB-A es bien tolerado y respecto a la escala de severidad de la hiperhidrosis, se produce una mejoría muy significativa (p<1,0×10−32; potencia estadística=1) a los dos meses del tratamiento (AU)


Background and objectives: Primary hyperhidrosis is characterized by excessive sweating in a defined region of the body. It should not be considered a purely cosmetic problem as it has a significant impact on the social and professional relationships of affected individuals. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical profile of patients with primary hyperhidrosis and assess the results obtained with the use of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in clinical practice. Material and methods: The study included 52 patients (39 women and 13 men) with a diagnosis of primary hyperhidrosis treated for the first time with BTX-A. All patients completed a questionnaire that included the following information: age; sex; profession; age at onset, family history, and site of hyperhidrosis; accompanying signs and symptoms, and previous treatment; time to effect of BTX-A; local or systemic side effects; and severity of hyperhidrosis before and after BTX-A treatment. Results and conclusions: Primary hyperhidrosis began during puberty in 61.5% of the patients included in the study, 75% were women, and the mean age was 29.9 years. In 36.5% of patients, first-degree relatives also had primary hyperhidrosis. Hyperhidrosis was classified as palmar in 61.5% of cases, plantar in 53.8%, and axillary in 59.6%. Other sites were affected less frequently. The most common accompanying symptoms were facial erythema (32.7%), palpitations (30.7%), muscle tension (28.8%), shivering (23%), and headache (17.3%). Treatment with BTX-A was well tolerated and there was a highly significant reduction in the severity of hyperhidrosis 2 months after performing the treatment (P<0.001) (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Hyperhidrosis/drug therapy , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Severity of Illness Index , Prospective Studies
4.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 61(4): 485-498, mayo 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-64491

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Estudiar los fibrohistiocitomas malignos (FHM) paratesticulares desde el punto de vista clínico-histológico, inmunohistoquímico y su histogénesis. Métodos: A través de Medline y búsqueda no indexada de la literatura científica internacional hemos encontrado un total de 77 casos de FHM paratesticulares que globalmente plantean problemas diagnósticos, terminológicos y terapeúticos. Resultado: Incluímos el caso número 78 de FHM de cordón espermático que presenta unas especiales características (no descritas hasta la fecha) de fistulización cutánea e infiltración de un leiomioma inguinal, con confirmación histológica e inmunohistoquímica. Realizamos una revisión conceptual de este tipo de neoplasias incluyendo la valoración de las contradicciones y reclasificaciones que ha sufrido desde su primera descripción, lo que hace que sean subestimados y su prevalencia real en las series internacionales sea muy variable: del 7 al 37% de los sarcomas paratesticulares. También, el hecho de su baja incidencia ha condicionado una carencia de protocolos de diagnóstico y tratamiento. Conclusiones: Los tumores paratesticulares, aunque infrecuentes, tienen una alta tasa de malignidad. El concepto de FHM ha variado a lo largo de los últimos 15 años. Hoy, este término, es sinónimo de sarcoma pleomórfico indiferenciado y ha llegado a ser un diagnóstico de exclusión (Vimentina + / CD 68 + -ocasionalmente- sin diferencias ultraestructurales), reservándose el subtipo inflamatorio para aquellos que tienen un componente inflamatorio e histiocítico. Es imprescindible en esta localización la realización de una biopsia intraoperatoria, ya que incluso es difícil precisar preoperatoriamente, si una lesión es benigna o maligna. El diagnóstico diferencial tan solo se resuelve tras el estudio microscópico e inmunohistoquímico. Un leiomioma próximo a esta localización (inguinal) podría diagnosticarse y confundirse con un nódulo del FHM principal. Su inmunofenotipo nos permitió diagnosticarlo no solo como leiomioma (marcadores de actinas y desmina positivos), sino también observar la infiltración por el FHM (AU)


Objectives: To study paratesticular malignant fibrous histiocytomas (FHM) from the clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and histogenetic, point of view. Methods: Through Medline and not index-linked search of international scientific literature we have found a total of 77 cases of paratesticular FHM that globally create diagnostic, terminological and therapeutic problems. Results: We include the case number 78 of FHM of spermatic cord, that presents a few special characteristics (not described before) of cutaneous fistula and infiltration of an inguinal leiomyoma, with histological and immunohistochemical confirmation. We performed a conceptual review of this type of tumours, including the evaluation of contradictions and reclassifications that has undergone from its first description, which causes that they are underestimated and their real prevalence in international series is very variable: from 7 to 37 % of paratesticular sarcomas. Also, the fact of their low incidence has determined the lack of protocols for diagnosis and treatment. Conclusions: Paratesticular tumours, although infrequent, have a high rate of malignancy. The FHM concept has varied throughout the last 15 years. Today, this term is synonymous of pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma and has been an exclusion diagnosis (Vimentin [+] / CD 68 [+] -occasionally- without ultrastructural differences), reserving the inflammatory subtype for which they have an inflammatory and histiocytic component. The accomplishment of an intraoperatory biopsy is essential in this location, since it is even difficult to know preoperatively, if a lesion is benign or malignant. The differential diagnosis is only solved after microscopic and inmunohistochemical study. Leiomyoma next to this location (inguinal) could be diagnosed and confused with a nodule of the main FHM. Their immunophenotype allowed us to diagnose it not only as leiomyoma (myogenic markers were positive -non skeletal muscle-), but also to observe the infiltration by the FHM (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous/complications , Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous/epidemiology , Leiomyoma/complications , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/complications , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Immunohistochemistry/methods , Immunohistochemistry/trends , Rhabdomyosarcoma/complications
5.
Nefrología (Madr.) ; 26(6): 695-702, nov.-dic. 2006. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-054932

ABSTRACT

El aumento de la frecuencia de las sesiones de hemodiálisis garantiza un mejor control del volumen extracelular y de la hipertensión arterial, hechos que pueden reducir la mortalidad relacionada con patología cardiovascular entre la población en hemodiálisis. Describimos la evolución de la hipertensión arterial, en función de las necesidad de administración de fármacos antihipertensivos, en una población prevalente de 38 pacientes que iniciaron el esquema de hemodiálisis en días alternos sin descanso de 72 h de fin de semana, y la comparamos con 140 pacientes asimismo prevalentes que eran tratados en dos esquemas convencionales, previamente utilizados, con descanso de fin de semana y tres sesiones semanales de 4 y de 5 horas respectivamente; todos los pacientes habían permanecido durante más de 6 meses en hemodiálisis. El 68,4% (26/38) de los pacientes del esquema alterno presentaba hipertensión arterial al inicio del esquema alterno y tras 16,1 meses de permanencia media en el esquema solo mantuvieron medicación el 7,9% de ellos (3/38) con reducción en dos de los tres pacientes restantes (p < 0,001). Los 25 pacientes que cesaron o redujeron la medicación antihipertensiva lo hicieron en una media de 100 ± 15 días. La frecuencia final de hipertensión en diálisis alterna fue inferior a la que presentaban los 84 pacientes prevalentes con esquema de 4 horas x 3 sesiones x semana (60,7%) (p < 0,002) y a la de los 56 pacientes prevalentes con esquema de 5 horas x 3 sesiones x semana (25%: p = 0,065). Las diferencias entre las ganancias medias de peso entre sesiones con y sin fin de semana, los descensos medios del peso seco, las medias de tensión arterial y la frecuencia de hipotensiones, entre los pacientes en el esquema alterno y los del esquema con fin de semana y 3 sesiones de 4 horas durante la misma, alcanzaron diferencia significativa (p < 0,05). Estos mismos datos comparados con el mismo esquema pero con sesiones de 5 horas fueron mejores pero sin alcanzar significación estadística. El gasto farmacéutico en medicación antihipertensiva se redujo en un 87%. Nuestros resultados, empleando el esquema de hemodiálisis en días alternos sin descanso de 72 horas, apoyan experiencias previas (Lecce, Columbia) que consiguen controlar el peso seco tras hacer desaparecer el exceso de volumen acumulado en el fin de semana posibilitando unas tasas adecuadas de ultrafiltración, minimizando la aparición de hipertensión y de los síntomas de intolerancia en hemodiálisis, tan frecuentes en el esquema convencional


An increase in the frequency of hemodialysis sessions improves control of extracellular volume and blood hypertension and consequently reduces the mortality related to cardiovascular aetiology in hemodialysis patients. We report the evolution of the blood hypertension depending on the need for antihypertensive drugs in a group of 38 prevalent patients that were included in a every-otherday dialysis schedule (EODD), and compare it with the results in two other groups of prevalent patients that were dialyzed in conventional, previously employed schedules without week-end sessions 4hoursx3xweek and 5hoursx3xweek. All three groups received hemodialysis treatment for more than 6 months. A 68% (26/38) of the patients received antihypertensive treatment at the beginning the EODD schedule and, after 16 months, only 7.9% (3/38) of them required antihypertensive treatment (p < 0.001) with reduction in two of the three remanent patients; hypertension control in those 25 patients took an average of 100 ± 15 days. The final frequency of hypertension in EODD was lower (p < 0.002) than the frequency registered in the 84 prevalent patients in 4hx3xweek schedule, and also lower (p = 0.065) than the frequency of the 56 prevalent patients in 5hx3xweek schedule. There is a significant difference (p < 0,05) between EODD and 4hx3xweek schedule as regards average figures of: increase in weight, decrease in dry-weight, blood pressure levels and hypotension incidence. EODD also produced better results than 5hx3xweek schedule in this regard although statistics did not reflect it. The results using the every-other-day hemodialysis schedule support previous experiences (Lecce, Columbia) which achieved a good control of the dry-weight by means of suppressing the volume overload gained during the weekend and consequently obtaining adequate ultrafiltration rates and high reduction both of the hypertension and of the symptoms of intolerance to hemodialysis, which are so frequent in conventional schedules with 72 hours without hemodialysis sessions


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Humans , Renal Dialysis/methods , Hypertension/drug therapy , Homeopathic Dosage/pharmacology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Renal Dialysis/statistics & numerical data , Hypertension/complications , Homeopathic Dosage/statistics & numerical data , Clinical Evolution , Retrospective Studies , Prevalence , Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology
7.
Alergol. inmunol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 20(2): 41-47, abr. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-042301

ABSTRACT

Es necesario conocer con datos lo más exactos posibles cuántos alergólogos están en activo para poder realizar proyecciones sobre cuál puede ser la evolución durante los próximos años. Tras revisar los datos obtenidos de diversas fuentes, se puede constatar que la especialidad de Alergología se encuentra consolidada en España, con un sistema de formación de calidad reconocida y con un número de especialistas muy próximo al recomendado por algunos expertos. Un reciente estudio apunta a una futura escasez de médicos en nuestro país debido a cuatro factores fundamentales: el envejecimiento de los facultativos, la feminización de la profesión, la jubilación forzosa y la previsible emigración hacia otros países de la Unión Europea. No ocurre así con nuestra especialidad dada la juventud relativa de los profesionales, lo que hace que la expectativa de jubilaciones a corto plazo sea más reducida, por lo que, de no replantearse las necesidades de alergólogos en España, debería ralentizarse de forma muy significativa la oferta de plazas MIR en la próxima década. Con los datos disponibles se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de un estudio que cuente con la colaboración entre las instituciones: Colegio de Médicos, el Ministerio de Sanidad y la SEAIAC, con el fin de crear un Registro de Especialistas, como instrumento fundamental para saber con datos reales el número de alergólogos que en la actualidad prestan sus servicios en el SNS, y que ofrezca las garantías necesarias para servir de base a proyecciones de futuro sobre cuál puede ser la demografía del sector a lo largo de los próximos años


It is a must to know, with as precise as possible data, how many allergologists are currently active, so as to carry out projections about the possible evolution over the coming years. After reviewing the data collected from a number of sources it may be stated that Allergology is rather well consolidated in Spain, with a training and formation system of acknowledged quality and a number of specialised physicians that is quite colose to that recommended by some experts. And yet, a recent study points at a future dearth of physicians in our country because of four fundamental factors: ageing of physicians, feminisation of the profession, enforced retirement and foreseeable migration to other countries within the European Union. This is however not true for our particular especialty because of the relative youth of the professionals, which leads to the fact that the expected short-term retirement rate will be rather small. This, in turn, leads to the consideration that, unless the requirements for Allergology specialists in Spain are reconsidered, the offer of Resident Physician training posts should be quite significantly reduced over the coming decade. Considering the currently available data, of the number of Allergologists currently serving with the nacional Health Service and providing the required guarantees for serving as a support basis for future projections regarding the demographics of this particular sector over the coming years


Subject(s)
Allergy and Immunology/organization & administration , Allergy and Immunology/statistics & numerical data , Specialization/legislation & jurisprudence , Statistics/methods , Education, Medical, Continuing/methods , Demography , Allergy and Immunology/ethics , Allergy and Immunology/history , Spain/epidemiology , Europe/epidemiology
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